"Nature's Confined Masonry," Kathmandu
Valley, NEPAL, 2000.
(c) Randolph Langenbach, 2000
(Click on photo to enlarge)
|
MAPS |
India and
Pakistan
detailed map
(2.7MB
pdf)
(1.5MB
jpg) |
SRINAGAR
GOOGLE EARTH Images of Srinagar pasted together to
form a plan of the city with each house visible.
CLICK HERE
to view quick-download enlargeable view
sample of image detail |
| To
download PDF's of the composite image, Right-click on
the choice below
1) City+all of Dal Lake.
(10MG
 pdf)
2)
City+Houseboat area
(5MB
pdf)
3)
City+Rainawari Canal
(2MG
pdf)
(900kb
jpg)
4) City
Centre
(500KB
pdf)
(300kb
jpg) |
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translation into any of the languages on the list below
click the logo below:
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simply cut and paste the text from any of the website
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|
I. DOCUMENTS FOR
DOWNLOADING FREE FROM THIS WEBSITE
Click on
TITLE to download document, click on COVER to enlarge cover
|
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EDITORIALS |
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Lives; New (and
Improved?) Delhi
As India is transformed by technology and globalization,
appreciation for traditional building practices is being lost – and sometimes
found again.
by Delhi Architect Gautan Bhatia, a May 21, 2006 Editorial on the
loss of a culture of traditional building in the New York Times |
|
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Building an
Ugly India by Delhi Architect Gautam Bhatia, 2001 |
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1.
TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MANUALS |
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Dhajji Dewari Construction |
Basic Training on
Dhajji
Construction(8.4MB), by Tom Schacher, Architect, Swiss
Agency for Development and Cooperation and Maggie Stephenson, UN-HABITAT,
December 2006, for use in the trainings of the masons and buildings in Kashmir and the
Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan. This version is a PowerPoint show
converted to a PDF. |
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Tom Schacher at Pakistan training centre,Oct. 2006 |
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DHAJJI
Construction: A Guidebook for Technicians and Artisans, (4MB), by Tom Schacher, Architect, SDC
and Qaisar Ali, Professor of Engineering, NWFP University of Engineering and
Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, May, 2010. Published by Scuola Universitaria
Professionale della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI), Switzerland. This version
is a 40-page PDF Book suitable for printing. It is published under a license
that allows it to be freely copied and distributed with attribution. |
Arch.Tom Schacher
Dr. Qaisar Ali |
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Bhatar timber-laced Construction |
Bhatar
[similar
to taq timber-laced]
Construction, An Illustrated Guide for Craftsmen, by Tom Schacher,
Architect, SDC, May 2007. This lesson was produced in cooperation with the French and
Belgian Red Cross, for use in the trainings of the masons and builders in the
Northwest Frontier Province in Pakistan. This draft copy was reviewed,
modified and published in final form by the Pakistan Government (ERRA).
For the Govt Approved FINAL VERSION, CLICK HERE.
(The Draft contains guidelines for 2nd floors and
for retaining walls that were eliminated in final version. Some details
and descriptions were more refined in final version, but this website believes
that it is worthwhile having both versions available for comparison.) |
2-21-RT_small.jpg)
SDC Training Centre in Mansehra, Pakistan |
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Build
Back
Better
-
Bhatar,
Background
and
Rationale,
by
Dominic
Dowling,
PhD,
Earthquake
Engineer
–
UN-Habitat,
Pakistan;
Pierre-Yves
Pere,
Architect,
Reconstruction
IC
Coordinator
–
French
Red
Cross,
Pakistan;
Pierre
Perrault,
Engineer,
Construction
Delegate,
Belgian
Red
Cross,
Pakistan.
Published
by
UN-HABITAT
et.al.
2007.
This
14
page
paper
is
a
structural
engineering
analysis
and
review
of
Bhatar
banded
construction
for
stone
masonry
buildings
in
Pakistan
after
the
2005
earthquake. |
Dominic%20Dowling(Bhatar)redo_small.jpg) |
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"Leepa" solid-wall timber construction |
Leepa: Guidelines for
the compliant construction of Leepa-type timber post and beam houses,
by UN-HABITAT for ERRA (Pakistan Government). Co-authors:S.Habib Mughal, Sheikh
Ahsan Ahmed, Asim Khilji, Maggie Stephenson.
This form of construction is named after the Leepa Valley in
Pakistan. Similar construction is found on the India side of Kashmir. |
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2.
BUILDING CODES & GUIDELINES |
|
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1986/re. 2004:
Guidelines for Earthquake-Resistant
Non-Engineered Construction.
Produced and revised by an
international team of experts
including Prof. Anand Arya.
Link to NICEE Website
for English Version
Download entire document in English
as a single file. (10MBpdf)
Link to NICEE Website
for Hindi Version |
|
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1993 Indian National
Building Code for Earthen Buildings.
(download
7.5 MB
|
|
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1993 Indian National
Code for Low-Strength Masonry
Buildings.
(download
5.5 MB) |
|
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NEPAL Building Codes in English (Link to External Website)
NOTE: as of summer 2017, this website is not working. You can download selected codes here from the following links:
NBC105-SEISMIC-DESIGN-OF-BUILDINGS
NBC109-UNREINFORCED-MASONRY
NBC202-MANDATORY-RULES-OF-THUMB-Load-Bearing-Masonry
NBC203-GUIDELINES FOR-LOW-STRENGTH-MASONRY |
|
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Guidelines for
Earthquake-Resistant... Masonry
Buildings in Jammu & Kashmir State,
by Anand Arya. |
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USA: UCBC, Appendix,
Chapter 1.
This code was written
for existing buildings, and the
Appendix Chapter 1 is based on an
NSF funded elaborate scientific
project on the behavior of
unreinforced masonry buildings and
cost-effective ways to mitigate
earthquake hazards. The
published scientific study was
called the ABK Methodology, and this
code made its provisions legal in
the State of California. It is
still in force today (in a more
recent version than published here.)
UPDATED 2013 California Existing Building Code, Appendix Chapter A1, Seismic Strengthening Provisions for URM Bearing Wall Buildings.
UPDATED 2019: Full Copy of the California Existing Building Code, Appendix Chapter A1, Seismic Strengthening Provisions for URM Bearing Wall Buildings. |
|
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USA: Explanatory
Commentary on UCBC, Appendix,
Chapter 1. |
|
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Technical Documents from the
Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA)
(The
United States Government's Agency
for Domestic Disaster Response and
Recovery)
FEMA 310: Handbook for the Seismic
Evaluation of Buildings
Although oriented to building types
common in North America, this
document provides a useful detailed
set of checklists for a series of
increasingly detailed evaluations
different building types for seismic
resistance, including unreinforced
masonry buildings. |
|
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FEMA 356: A PreStandard and
Commentary for the Seismic
Rehabilitation of Buildings
Although oriented to building types
common in North America, this
document provides detailed
engineering design criteria for
code-level upgrading of existing
buildings. Building types
include reinforced concrete, steel
frame, unreinforced masonry, light
steel frame, and wood frame.
It also includes information on base
isolation and other technologies. |
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3.
KASHMIR & the rest of INDIA |
|
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1982, "India
in Conflict: Urban Renewal Moves
East," by Randolph
Langenbach, Historic Preservation,
National Trust For Historic
Preservation,Washington, DC, USA
34:3, May-June 1982, pp46-51 (web
page) |
|
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1989, "Bricks,
Mortar, and Earthquakes, Historic
Preservation vs. Earthquake Safety,"
by Randolph Langenbach, APT
Bulletin, The Journal of
Preservation Technology, The
Association for Preservation
Technology International, XXI, 3&4,
Sept. 1989. (1.1MB pdf) |
|
 |
INTACH
Post-Earthquake Jammu & Kashmir
Damage Assessment |
Lives;
New (and Improved?) Delhi
As India is transformed
by technology and globalization, appreciation for traditional building practices
is being lost – and sometimes found again.
|
2006, "Lives;
New (and Improved?) Delhi"
New York Times Guest Editorial by
New Delhi Architect Gautam Bhatia on
the importance to India of
traditional building practices. New
York Times May 21, 2006. |
|
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4.
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY OF
TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS |
|
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Demonstration of effectiveness of
seismic bands in unreinforced
masonry (36 MB MPG file)
A video of a public
demonstration in Bagh, Kashmir,
Pakistan by the National Society for
Earthquake Technology in Nepal |
|
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FROM "OPUS CRATICIUM" TO THE
"CHICAGO FRAME: Earthquake Resistant
Traditional Construction, by
Randolph Langenbach, Proceedings
(forthcoming), Structural Analysis
of Historical Constructions, (P.B.Lorenço,
P.Roca, C.Modena, S.Agrawal,
Editors) New Delhi, 2006. |
|
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|
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Analysis of the Pombolino Walls,
by Silvino Pompeu Santos, Research
Director of the Portuguese
Government engineering labs in
Lisbon. (Document is in Portuguese)
(1.1 MB PowerPoint File)
This paper
documents the results of the lateral
load testing of actual 18th century
Pombalino "Gaiola" masonry and
timber infill-frame walls. |
|
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CONFINING MASONRY USING PRE-CAST RC
ELEMENT FOR ENHANCED EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANCE
Samaresh Paikara and Durgesh C. Rai,
IIT-Kanpur
This is a paper given at the 2006
8NCEE Conference in San Francisco on
the anniversary of the '06
Earthquake and Fire. It is
developed out of the Thesis by
Samaresh Paikara, which was a
structural engineering study of 1
brick thick (10 cm) masonry panels
confined with precast RC beams sized
the same as the timber in dhajji
dewari. |
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5.
TIMBER & FOREST AGRICULTURE |
|
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State of the World's Forests
2007
This
examines progress towards sustainable forest
management. Part I reviews progress region
by region. Part II presents selected issues
in the forest sector, probing the state of
knowledge or recent activities in 18 topics
of interest to forestry. Climate change,
forest landscape restoration, forest tenure,
invasive species, wildlife management and
wood energy are just a sampling of the
subjects covered. State of the World’s
Forests 2007 will be a useful reference
for policy-makers, foresters, academics and
all readers concerned with the major issues
affecting the forest sector today.
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Best practices for improving law compliance
in the forest sector
FAO Forestry Paper 145
Illegal
logging and associated trade have
far-reaching environmental, social and
economic consequences. Various stakeholders
at the local, national and international
levels are making efforts to address the
issue. This publication provides an overview
of these experiences to foster better forest
law compliance. It analyses available
knowledge in a set of best practices drawn
from 11 country case studies, which
decision-makers may wish to apply to reduce
illegal operations in the forest sector.
|
|
.jpg) |
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005;
Progress towards sustainable forest
management
FAO Forestry Paper 147
This publication, the main
report of FRA 2005, contains
country-by-country data, contributed by
national correspondents and reviewed and
collated by FAO, for more key forest
variables than in any previous assessment.
Based on these results, the report analyses
progress being made towards sustainable
forest management. Recommendations for
future assessments are also included. This
report is an essential reference for anyone
interested in the status of the world's
forests, for those involved in international
negotiations related to forestry and for all
concerned with the contribution of forests
to sustainable development. |
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TOP
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II. LINKS
TO RELATED INFORMATION ON OTHER WEBSITES
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